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中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

  中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄

  由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

  麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

  一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

  此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

  作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。

  美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

  这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。

  从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

  两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

  (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

  The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

  Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

  On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

  On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

  Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

  As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

  But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

  CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

  This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

  Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

  From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

  Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

  The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

  • 困在成本里的农夫山泉******

      “大自然的搬运工”打响了2023年桶装水涨价的第一枪。2月1日,农夫山泉宣布提高杭州市桶装水售价。尽管农夫山泉方面表示暂未接到其他城市产品调价的通知,但在客服给出其他地区用户可以先购买兑换卡“以防万一”的建议下,农夫山泉难道要全面涨价的消息也就传了出来。

      全国性涨价猜测

      2月1日,一张农夫山泉《杭州区域19升水调价通知》(以下简称《通知》)在业界流传,根据《通知》内容,农夫山泉要提高杭州市部分规格桶装水售价。北京商报记者拨打农夫山泉官网电话得知,自2023年2月1日起,杭州市农夫山泉19L规格桶装水零售价由此前的20元/桶提高至22元/桶。

      对于本次提价原因,农夫山泉表示主要是物价、原材料、人工及运费等成本不断上涨导致。这个理由似曾相识,在2021年12月28日,农夫山泉发布价格调整公告,就上海地区19L的天然水零售价格进行调整,从26元/桶调整到28元/桶,原因也是“原材料、人力、运输等运营成本的影响”。

      上海、杭州桶装水相继提价,这让其他地区的消费者猜测:农夫山泉这波涨价潮会全国性蔓延吗?

      根据农夫山泉方面的说法,此次仅杭州市产品零售价格有调整,后续是否会降价以届时产品显示售价为准。至于此次涨价是否会扩散至其他城市,农夫山泉方面没有给出明确回应,仅表示暂未接到通知。“目前,北京地区农夫山泉桶装水售价是28元/桶,以防万一,用户可以先购买兑换卡,现在比较优惠。”对方建议道。

      在战略定位专家、九德定位咨询公司创始人徐雄俊看来,农夫山泉先在一二线城市涨价试水,之后有可能会推广到全国。

      广科院旗下广科咨询首席策略师沈萌则认为,产品涨价主要与运营成本的变动有关,一线城市的运营成本上涨幅度高于其他城市,所以对于桶装水这样一个完全竞争的市场,除非出现行业性普遍涨价,否则并不会短期内集中出现全国性普涨。

      成本难控毛利下滑

      桶装水所在的包装饮用水业务占据农夫山泉五成以上营收。2021年,农夫山泉包装饮用水产品收入为170.58亿元。不过,从近两年财报数据来看,水生意似乎也不好做了。

      2022年上半年,农夫山泉包装饮用水业务的收益仅增长了4.8%,比2021年同期25.6%的增长差了一大截。而包装饮用水所占营收比例也从2021年的58.8%降为2022年的56.7%。

      这样的数据表现背后的原因一部分来自成本压力。自2021年,农夫山泉就频频在财报中提及成本上涨问题。2022年中报显示,农夫山泉最主要的原材料PET为原油下游产品,而原油价格上升和波动的不确定性,给农夫山泉成本控制带来了压力。同时提到,集团毛利率由去年同期的60.9%下降1.6%至59.3%,主要是由于国际原油价格变动导致PET采购成本提高。

      在2022年3月的一场分析师业绩会上,农夫山泉执行董事周震华就直言,成本压力已经“超过企业单方面可以去消化的水平”。

      面对成本压力,水企龙头农夫山泉开年率先提价,行业内其他企业会加入这场涨价潮吗?而成本高企之下,涨价又是“农夫山泉们”的解药吗?

      在徐雄俊看来,原材料价格上涨是农夫山泉成本拉高的最核心原因。近几年随着消费升级趋势和消费意识的转变,一些消费者愿意花更高的价格买更好的饮用水,一定程度上企业涨价算是顺势而为。当然,对于当下面对的成本压力,产品提价是企业缓解压力比较好的办法。

      中国食品产业分析师朱丹蓬认为,中国饮用水竞争已经进入了非常“内卷”的周期。从水种来说,农夫山泉不具备优势;从品牌效应到规模效应,农夫山泉有优势但不是碾压式的优势。其他的水企应该也不会跟进涨价。

      北京商报记者 郭秀娟 张函

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